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Historians Figure Out How Ancient Sailors Navigated Mediterranean By Building One of Their Ships_我的网站

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霹雳舞被认为是“嘻哈文化”的基石，上世纪70年代起源于美国纽约市布朗克斯区。 What better way to figure out a mystery of the ancients than to try it out yourself? That’s what one sailing aficionado from Israel did when confronted with a puzzle from the Christian Bible.,David Gal, a doctoral student in the Department of Maritime Civilizations at the University of Haifa, says he has figured out why the Christian Apostle Paul sailed from Judea to Rome along the southern coast of Anatolia in 60 CE - a route that, to him, wasn’t the most obvious one, since most winds in the Mediterranean are westerlies and Paul was going west.,That year, Paul was sent to the imperial capital to answer to Jewish authorities for preaching the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, who claimed to have been the Jewish messiah. Most Jews did not accept Jesus’ teachings, and he was tried and executed by crucifixion for blasphemy and subversion in either 30 or 33 CE.,Paul’s journey is recounted in unusual detail in the New Testament book of Acts. The preacher zigzagged his way across the sea, swinging north of Cyprus before heading to the city of Myra (modern Demre) in southern Anatolia. From there, he went west past Rhodes, to Knidos, then south to the southern coast of Crete and west across the southernmost parts of the Ionian Sea. However, he was shipwrecked in Malta and his journey took much longer than anticipated.,“Until recently, we didn’t understand why the Alexandrian grain ship that Paul joined in southern Anatolia, bound for Rome, chose that particular route,” Gal told Haaretz.,The boat, Ma’agan Mikhael II, is a replica of a ship found in 1985 about 2 meters underneath the seabed off the coast of Kibbutz Ma’agan Mikhael in northern Israel, not far from Caesarea. In ancient times, the city was known as Caesarea Maritima or Caesarea Palestine, named after the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar. The replica boat was finished in 2016 and is just one of two ships in the world that simulates a merchant sailing vessel from Before the Common Era (BCE).,By coincidence, Caesarea also happens to be the port from which Paul left on his trip to Rome.,In part, Gal’s study was based on computer modeling, which combined vast amounts of weather data and conducted 5,479 virtual sailing trips along 224 different possible routes from Caesarea to Rome, for a total of 1.2 million virtual sailing trips. However, that wasn’t enough: Gal also took a crew of 10 volunteer sailors out in the Ma’agan Mikhael II to explore the intangible human element of the journey. With just one sail, the ship moves along at a brisk 3.9 miles per hour.,“Only when we sailed on Ma’agan Mikhael II did we understand the real limitations of the ship and the sailors,” Gal told Haaretz. “We found that in many sections of the coast, the breeze doesn’t support this type of movement.”,“They didn’t sail counter to the prevailing wind, but waited for days with a favorable wind in the opposite direction,” Gal concluded. “We found there were such days in a large meteorological sampling. Until now, scholars didn’t examine that but used low-resolution meteorological averages that erase the variance in the wind.”,Gal said he has taken the ship out more than 80 times, sailing as far as Cyprus, and found that the daily wind patterns, in which breezes can blow westward from the Levantine coast, have remained strong after 3,000 years. By navigating those patterns, ancient sailors could have crept up the coast until they found more favorable winds.,“We have data about its performance in all wind conditions and how various currents affect it, and that enables us to conduct a reliable simulation of sailing. With its help, we acquired insights into the way such a ship is operated; we had a better understanding of how four people can sail from Greece to here and back,” he said.。霹雳舞的很多动作与体操和武术有着联系，在吸收不同的体育和艺术风格后，逐渐成为以“即兴表演”为主的技巧性街舞。据美国《舞蹈杂志》介绍，霹雳舞大致由五要素构成：摇滚步、过渡/连接、腿部动作、整体动作及定点。上世纪80年代，这项运动被传播到加拿大、日本、法国等地。从上世纪90年代开始，世界街舞大赛成为开办最早、也是最顶级的赛事，霹雳舞在更大范围内得到普及。霹雳舞的核心是“斗舞”，这让它被赋予竞技属性。国际奥委会官网称，霹雳舞是一项将街头舞蹈动作与非凡运动能力相结合的运动。发展多年之后，如今的霹雳舞拥有一套固定规则来保障公平竞争。

二 | 在选手1对1斗舞过程中，3名或更多奇数构成的评委团会围绕技巧性、多样性、表演性、乐感、创意性和个性来打分。

当霹雳舞在2018年青奥会上亮相时，国际奥委会主席巴赫原本只打算拿出15分钟考察赛事，不过，年轻舞者的动作张力、现场音乐的节奏、观看人群的热烈欢呼让他被深深吸引，最终看完整场比赛。在国际奥委会提倡奥运年轻化的背景下，霹雳舞在2020年成为2024年巴黎奥运会正式比赛项目。届时，霹雳舞将设置男子组和女子组，各16名选手，参赛队员须在2008年12月31日前出生。在男女各16个席位中，包括1个主办国配额和两张外卡，其余13个名额将通过一系列资格赛产生，每个国家/地区奥委会最多两人入选。